Reliable and Energy Efficient Target Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks

A critical aspect of applications with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is network lifetime.Power-constrained WSNs are usable as long as they can communicate sense data to a processing node.Poor communication links and hazardous environments make the WSNs unreliable.Existing schemes assume that the state of a sensor covering targets is binary:success (covers the targets) or failure (cannot cover the targets).However,in real WSNs,a sensor covers targets with a certain probability.To improve WSNs’ reliability,we should consider that a sensor covers targets with users’ satisfied probability.To solve this problem,this paper first introduces a failure probability into the target coverage problem to improve and control the system reliability.Furthermore,we model the solution as the α-Reliable Maximum Sensor Covers (α-RMSC) problem and design a heuristic greedy algorithm that efficiently computes the maximal number of α-Reliable sensor covers.To efficiently extend the WSNs lifetime with users’ pre-defined failure probability requirements,only the sensors from the current active sensor cover are responsible for monitoring all targets,while all other sensors are in a low-energy sleep mode.Simulation results validate the performance of this algorithm,in which users can precisely control the system reliability without sacrificing much energy consumption.     

Multi-Axis Projection Based Giant Component Formation in Random Unit-Disk Graphs

This paper proposes a multi-axis projection (MAP) based giant component formation strategy via the Maximal Independent Set (MIS) in a random unit-disk graph.We focus on the problem of virtual back-bone construction in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks,where the coverage areas of the nodes are disks with identical radii.In the simulation,we show that the MAP-based giant component has the ability to connect most nodes and serves as a backbone in the network.The algorithm is localized and may play an important role in efficiently constructing a virtual backbone for ad hoc and sensor networks.     

特种光纤及器件研究

特种光纤及器件在光纤通信、光纤传感、光纤激光等领域有非常广泛的应用.近年来,上海大学特种光纤与光接入网省部共建重点实验室将纳米技术与特种光纤及器件相结合,开展了特种纳米半导体掺杂光纤、抗辐射光纤、包层模谐振光纤以及量子点光纤放大器等方面的研究,并探索了它们在宽光谱光放大、特种光纤传感器等方面的应用.     

磁阻式与霍尔式接近开关性能比较

介绍了磁阻式接近开关和霍尔式接近开关的工作原理及信号处理电路,并对二者的动态特性进行了测量和分析.实验表明:磁阻式接近开关动态特性优于霍尔式接近开关,该接近开关灵敏度高,稳定性好,且成本低,可替代霍尔式接近开关,用于铁磁性材料检测和控制.     

基于粗糙集与BP神经网络的分布式数据挖掘算法

利用数据挖掘来提高网络中能量利用率是无线传感器网络(WSN)的一个重要研究方向.本文构建了基于粗糙集与神经网络相结合的无线传感器网络分布式数据挖掘算法.该算法用粗糙集对节点内的原始数据进行离散化与属性约简后得到的最简决策表训练BP神经网络,再将构造好的BP神经网络集成在每个传感器节点上.仿真结果表明,该算法可以降低数据维数,消除冗余数据、减少网络通信量、延长网络寿命.     

变频调速控制在模拟降雨系统中的应用

主要介绍利用变频调速控制系统,实现模拟降雨系统对不同降雨量要求的自动调节功能.解决了原手动系统对降雨量大小变化时流量调节阀和管道安全性的问题.该系统的特点是:克服了径流小区进行定位观测耗时费力的缺点,缩短试验周期,加速雨水入渗规律和土壤侵蚀规律的研究进程,对水土保持以及水资源科学利用具有相当重要的意义.     

亥姆霍兹线圈磁场均匀性的研究

为了探究亥姆霍兹线圈空间磁场均匀区域的大小、形状及范围,利用FD-HM-I型亥姆霍兹磁场测定仪及其所配备的高灵敏度毫特斯拉计传感器探头,探测了亥姆霍兹线圈轴截面上有限元磁场的大小,以两线圈中心连线的中点为坐标原点,建立坐标系,根据线圈的对称性,得到了亥姆霍兹线圈空间磁场均匀区域的大小、形状及范围.由于毫特斯拉计传感器探头的体积小、分辨率高,因此,该传感器适用于物理实验中弱磁场的测量,用它探测磁场准确度较高,误差较小。     

光纤传感器在延长油田的应用研究

石油测井是石油勘探开发的重要环节,延长油田所辖油区地层特殊,传统测井手段易出现漏层,测量项目数据精确度不够。详细分析了光纤传感器工作原理,推导其在石油测井项目解析表达式,由此采用光纤传感器设计光纤传感系统,实验结果表明系统测井数据准确,能够很好地满足油井井下测井的需要。     

ECC在WSN分簇密钥管理方案中的应用

现有的无线传感器网络(WSN)密钥管理方案大都采用对称密钥管理体制,在安全性方面均存在不足。为了提高W SN密钥管理方案的安全性,将椭圆曲线密码体制(ECC)应用到无线传感器网络中,并具体分析了该方案的通信过程。最后通过与其它方案进行比较,验证了该方案的安全性以及存储开销等方面的优势。     

Compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for wide-dynamic-range relative humidity measurement

A compact fiber-optic diode-laser sensor system for measuring relative humidity is studied. In such a system, a distributed feedback laser lasing near 1877 nm is used as light source while a high-precision Pt resistance as temperature sensor, an accuracy of 0.1% relative-humidity can be achieved. The laser sensor system is able to lock to the absorption peak and calculate the density of water vapor without any additional reference measurements. Using programs built in to the microcontroller unit, the laser system can switch functions between direct measurement at high density and second-harmonic detection at low density. The system can switch between the two modes automatically and work in a wide dynamic range.